A simpler way to save: The 60% Solution

Twenty years of complex budget calculations have led me to a simple conclusion: If you limit essential spending to 60% of total income, your savings will soar.
[Related content: budgeting, save money, financial planning, spending, bills]
By Richard Jenkins
MSN Money

How many of you have tried budgeting and think it's a waste of time? Come on, let's see those hands.

OK, that's just about everybody.

I've kept a budget of one kind or another, first on paper and then with the help of various software programs, for many years -- despite a strong suspicion that I was wasting my time. The illusion of control, I argued to myself, was better than none at all.

My approach to budgeting was to carefully track my spending during the month and to adjust my budget targets up and down in each category, so that my total expenses never exceeded my income.

Useful? Sometimes.

Anal-retentive? Probably.

After two decades of this, though, I started to wonder if there isn't an easier, more effective way to budget. I realized that the hardest part about keeping a budget is getting useful information from it. There's too much detail and not enough bottom line. My answer is the 60% Solution, a faster and easier way to structure your budget without having to account for every penny.

What you're trying to do with a budget is to prevent overspending, which ultimately leads to piling up debt. Contrary to the way most people budget, however, it rarely matters what you're overspending on -- dining out, entertainment, clothes. Who cares? It's still debt, right?

Looking at my own spending history, I realized that it wasn't the little luxuries here and there that got me in trouble. It was the large, irregular expenses, like vacations, major repairs and the holidays that did all the damage. To avoid overspending, I had to do a better job of planning for those.

And then there were the really big expenses: buying a car, putting a down payment on a new home or putting a new roof on an old home -- all of which can run into the tens of thousands of dollars. They also can often be postponed, sometimes for years, which theoretically should give me a chance to save for them.

Understand your committed expenses

As I looked back over the past 20 years of budgeting, I saw that there were a few years when my wife and I believed we were fairly on top of things, even with a much lower income. How did we manage?

The key was a drop in our fixed monthly expenses. It was a period when declining interest rates had lowered our adjustable-rate-mortgage payment to about 15% of our household income. That left us with some extra money each month to set aside in a savings account for those irregular expenses.

We later moved to a bigger house with a much bigger mortgage payment, higher maintenance costs and utility bills, and obscene property taxes. The monthly mortgage payment was only 20% of our gross income, far lower than the 33% that most lenders will allow, but, suddenly, we were struggling again.

Even after refinancing our mortgage at a lower rate, we were still often running out of cash before the end of the month. I realized that other fixed expenses had crept upward over the years. As my children, Natalie and Jackson, got older, they needed things like music lessons and sports equipment that added several hundred dollars a month to our basic expenses. They were also outgrowing clothes faster than we could buy them.

The slow but steady growth in our monthly spending commitments was putting a squeeze on our budget. I call these "committed" expenses rather than "fixed" or "non-discretionary" expenses, because things like music lessons are neither fixed in amount nor absolute necessities, but rather are commitments my wife and I made to provide for our children.
The 60% Solution emerges
After analyzing our spending patterns over a couple of years using our Microsoft Money data file, I determined that we needed to keep our committed expenses at or below 60% of our gross income to come out ahead at the end of the month.

Committed expenses:

* Basic food and clothing needs.

* Essential household expenses.

* Insurance premiums.

* Charitable contributions.

* All of our bills -- even such non-essentials as our satellite TV service.

* ALL of our taxes.

I'm not saying that 60% is a magic number. It's a workable goal for my family, and it's a nice round number. Your number might well be a bit higher or lower. At any rate, it's a good place to start.

Then I divided up the remaining 40% into four chunks of 10% each, listed here in order of priority:

Retirement savings. This consisted entirely of my payroll-deducted 401k contribution.

Long-term savings. Before I retired, this was also automatically deducted from my pay, I purchased Microsoft stock at a discount as part of an unusual stock-purchase program. The relative lack of liquidity (i.e. the difficulty of turning these shares into cash) made it harder to spend this money without some planning and a series of deliberate steps.

Short-term savings for irregular expenses. These were direct-deposited from my paycheck into a credit-union savings account. Money in this account was easily transferred into our checking account, as needed, via the Web. This was the money I looked to to pay for vacations, repairs, new appliances, holiday gifts and other irregular but more or less predictable expenses.

Fun money. We could spend this on anything we liked during the month, so long as the total didn't exceed 10% of my income.

You may have noticed that only 70% of my paycheck was used for everyday expenses. Because we never saw the other 30%, my wife and I don't miss it.

We didn't really need to track our expenses, because our checking account balance was generally equal to the amount of money we could spend. That's the way a lot of people do it, but they don't first make provision for savings.